Background: Due to the complex structure and variable microenvironment in the progression of bladder cancer, the efficacy of traditional treatment methods such as surgery and chemotherapy is limited. Tumor residual, recurrence and metastasis are still …

Carrier-free nanoparticles have attracted significant interest owing to their exceptional drug-loading efficiency, simple preparation, and good biosafety. Inspired by the synergism and attenuation strategy of natural products, carrier-free nanoparticles …

Physical activity and exercise confer health benefits through actions on several physiological systems; however, the mechanisms by which they impact renal health remain poorly understood. Studies show that exercise slows age-related decline in kidney …

Ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated gene and drug delivery are rapidly advancing diagnostic and therapeutic methods; however, their use is often limited by the need for microbubbles, which cannot transverse many biological barriers due to their …

In humans and other primates, red blood cells (RBCs) constitutively express high levels of liver-type arginase 1 (Arg1), which regulates systemic L-arginine and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, particularly under pathological conditions such as sickle …

Right ventricular (RV) function under pressure overload (PO) is critical in congenital heart disease outcomes. While moderate left ventricular (LV) pressure-loading has been shown to benefit RV function, the mechanisms and optimal degree of loading remain …

The role of driver gene mutations in sustaining tumor growth at metastatic sites is poorly understood. SMAD4 inactivation is a paradigm of such mutations and a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To determine whether metastatic tumors are …

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a frequent metastatic condition in gastroesophageal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Here, we establish clinically relevant mouse models of peritoneal carcinomatosis to evaluate the …

Elucidating the complex network of communication between tumour cells is central to understanding cell fate decisions and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)1,2. We previously showed that constant suppression of BMP activity by the BMP …

In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), macrophages responding to interleukin (IL)-33 create a TGF-β-rich stromal niche that maintains cancer stem cells (CSCs), which evade chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in part via activation of the NRF2 antioxidant program. …