Anatomical evaluation of gingival tissues using ultra-high-frequency ultrasound: a preliminary study

Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound is a promising non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating superficial soft tissues. Its application in oral diagnostics is still emerging. This preliminary study aimed to assess the feasibility and anatomical resolution of intraoral Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound in visualizing gingival layers in healthy individuals. A total of 80 healthy volunteers (36 males and 44 females, aged 19–46) underwent intraoral ultra-high-frequency ultrasound using a 70 MHz linear probe. Bilateral scans of the anterior upper and lower quadrants were performed. B-mode and color. Doppler images were acquired to evaluate tissue thickness, echogenicity, and vascular patterns. Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound enabled clear differentiation of the gingival mucosa. The mucosal layer measured 0.1–0.3 mm. Males exhibited significantly greater mucosal thickness than females ( p  = 0.02), while participants over 30 years showed reduced vascularity ( p  = 0.03). Doppler imaging confirmed consistent microvascular patterns. Smokers demonstrated increased hypoechogenicity and subtle changes suggestive of early tissue remodeling. In one case, an asymptomatic gingival fistula was detected. Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound is a feasible and well-tolerated tool for high-resolution imaging of gingival tissues. It offers valuable anatomical insights and may serve as a non-invasive method for early detection and monitoring of gingival alterations. Further studies in pathological populations are warranted.